International Phonetic Alphabet Sounds

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labio- dental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo- palatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Stop	p Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Swahili Turkish b Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish			t Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish d Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish		ʈ Bengali Hindi Javanese Pashto (Afghanistan) Punjabi (India) Somali ɖ Bengali Hindi Javanese Pashto (Afghanistan) Punjabi (India) Somali		c Bulgarian Czech Khmer Latvian Macedonian Slovak Vietnamese ɟ Corsican (France) Friulian (Italy) Irish Latvian Macedonian Slovak	k Chinese Dutch English French German Italian Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Swahili Turkish g Dutch English French German Italian Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish	q Arabic Chechen Quechuan (the Andes) Somali Uzbek ǃXóõ (Bostswana) ɢ Mongolian Tabasaran (Russia) ǃXóõ (Bostswana)	ʡ Amis (Taiwan) Archi (Russia) Dahalo (Kenya)	ʔ Arabic Burmese Hawaiian Hebrew Nahuatl (Aztecs) Pirahã (Amazonian) Thai
Nasal	m Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish	ɱ Kukuya (Congo)		n Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish		ɳ Javanese Norwegian Pashto (Afghanistan) Punjabi (India)		ɲBasque French Italian Javanese Latvian Somali Polish Portuguese Spanish	ŋ Bengali Chinese Danish English Finnish German Indonesian Irish Korean Norwegian Punjabi (India) Swahili Thai Uzbek Vietnamese	ɴ Japanese Mapos Buang (Papua New Guinea)
Affricate				ʦ Catalan (Spain) German Hebrew Luxembourgish Serbo-Croatian Ukrainian ʣ Catalan (Spain) Hungarian Latvian Polish Ukrainian	ʧ Czech German English Italian Persian Punjabi (India) Spanish ʤ Arabic English Italian Persian Punjabi (India) Ukrainian		ʨ Korean Russian Serbo-Croatian Thai ʥ Korean Serbo-Croatian
Fricative	ɸ Bengali Maori (New Zealand) β Sardinian (Italy) Hopi (North America)	f Chinese English German Greek French Hebrew Hindi Persian Polish Punjabi (India) Russian Spanish v Dutch English German Greek French Hebrew Hindi Italian Persian Polish Punjabi (India) Russian Turkish	θ English Welsh Spanish Swahili Arabic Hebrew ð English Welsh Spanish Swahili Arabic Albanian	s Arabic Chinese Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Spanish Turkish z Arabic Dutch English French German Japanese Persian Russian Turkish	ʃ Albanian Arabic Bulgarian Czech Dutch English French German Irish Latvian Persian Portuguese Punjabi (India) Swahili Yiddish ʒ Czech Dutch English French Hungarian Latvian Macedonian Navajo Persian Portuguese Turkish Ukrainian	ʂ Chinese Russian Polish Norwegian Pashto (Afghanistan) Vietnamese ʐ Russian Polish Pashto (Afghanistan)	ɕ Lower Sorbian (Germany) Russian Swedish Tibetan ʑ Adyghe (Russia) Lower Sorbian (Germany) Kabardian (Turkey) Russian	ç Irish Pashto (Afghanistan) Welsh ʝ Spanish Scottish Gaelic Pashto (Afghanistan)	x Arabic Chinese Czech Dutch German Greek Irish Persian Polish Russian Scottish Gaelic Spanish Vietnamese ɣ Arabic Greek Irish Low German Navajo Pashto (Afghanistan) Scottish Gaelic Urdu (Pakistan)	χ Arabic Hebrew Luxembourgish Welsh Yiddish ʁ Danish French Hebrew Portuguese	ħ Arabic Hebrew Kabardian (Turkey) Kurdish Maltese ʕ Arabic Hebrew Kurdish Somali	hArabic Chinese English French German Hebrew Italian Japanese Korean Persian ɦ Hindi Punjabi (India) Slovak
Approximant		ʋ Dutch Finnish Hawaiian Hindi Norwegian Urdu (Pakistan)		ɹ Vietnamese Burmese Assamese (India)		ɻ Chinese Tamil (India) Pashto (Afghanistan) Punjabi (India) Warlpiri (Australia)		j Arabic Chinese Dutch English French German Hebrew Italian Korean Persian Russian Spanish	ɰ Cherokee Guarani (Paraguay) Tiwi (Australia)
Tap		ⱱ Bana (Cameroon) Mono (Congo)		ɾ Hindi Japanese Persian Scottish Gaelic Spanish Tagalog (Philippines)		ɽ Bengali Javanese Punjabi (India)
Trill	ʙ Mangbetu (Congo) Ninde (Vanuatu)			r Arabic Armenian Czech Finnish Italian Polish Slovak Spanish Ukrainian Welsh						ʀ French (some dialects) German	ʜ Aghul (Russia) Chechen Dahalo (Kenya)ʢ Aghul (Russia)
Lateral fricative				ɬ Navajo Welsh Zulu ɮ Mongolian Zulu
Lateral approximant				lArabic English Filipino Greek Italian Korean Persian Polish Russian		ɭJavanese Norwegian Tamil (India) Warlpiri (Australia)		ʎ Basque Portuguese Spanish Turkish Yiddish	ʟ Melpa (Papua New Guinea) Yagaria (Papua New Guinea)
Lateral tap				ɺ Ache (Paraguay) Cubeo (Colombia) Wayuu (Colombia)

Coarticulated consonants

↓Manner/Place→	Labiovelar	Velarized alveolar lateral	Labialized palatal
Approximant	ʍ English Welsh w Arabic English French Italian Japanese Korean Portuguese Tagalog Ukrainian	ɫ Lithuanian Kurdish	ɥ Iaai (New Caledonia) Kurdish Upper Sorbian (Germany)

Non-pulmonic consonants

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato- alveolar	Retroflex	Palato- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Implosives	ɓ Khmer Mono (Congo) Vietnamese Zulu		ɗ Khmer Mono (Congo) Vietnamese		ᶑ Saraiki (Pakistan)		ʄ Swahili Saraiki (Pakistan)	ɠ Swahili Saraiki (Pakistan)	ʛ Mam (Mexico) Ixil (Guatemala)
Ejectives	pʼ Chechen Georgian Kabardian (Turkey) Quechuan (the Andes)		tʼ Georgian Haida (Canada) Kabardian (Turkey)		ʈʼ Gwich’in (Alaska)		cʼ Gwich’in (Alaska)	kʼ Georgian Haida (Canada) Tlingit (Alaska)	qʼ Georgian Haida (Canada) Tlingit (Alaska)
Clicks	ʘ ǂ’Amkoe (Botswana) ǃXóõ (Botswana)	ǀ Hadza (Tanzania) Khoekhoe (Namibia) Zulu	ǁ Hadza (Tanzania) Khoekhoe (Namibia) Zulu	ǃ Hadza (Tanzania) Khoekhoe (Namibia) Xhosa (Zimbabwe) Zulu		ǂ ǂ’Amkoe (Botswana) Khoekhoe (Namibia) Naro (Botswana) Yeyi (Namibia)

Vowels

IPA vowel chart

Front

Near-front

Central

Near-back

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High

Blank vowel trapezoid.svg

i Arabic
Chinese
Italian
Japanese
Russian
Spanish y Chinese
Danish
French

ɨ Kashmiri (India)
Romanian
Vietnamese ʉ Norwegian

ɯ Japanese
Korean
Portuguese u Arabic
Chinese
Italian
Russian
Spanish

ɪ Dutch
English
German
Hindi ʏ Dutch
German

ʊ German
Hindi
Swedish

e French
Italian
Japanese
Russian
Spanish
Vietnamese ø Danish
French
German
Korean

ɘ ɵ Farsi (Tajikistan)
Mongolian
Toda (India)

ɤ Bulgarian
Chinese o French
Italian
Japanese
Russian
Spanish

ə Chinese
Dutch
French
Javanese

ɛ Dutch
English
French
German
Italian
Korean
Portuguese
Vietnamese œ Danish
French
German
Swedish

ɜ English
Yiddish ɞ

ʌ Danish
English
Korean ɔ English
French
Hindi
Italian
Portuguese

æ Danish
English
Hindi
Norwegian

ɐ Danish
Greek
Portuguese

a Arabic
Chinese
French
Italian
Japanese
Russian
Spanish ɶ Danish

ɑ Dutch
French
Hindi
Norwegian ɒ Danish

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Near- Low

Low